Algal blooms are rapid and excessive growths of algae in bodies of water, typically caused by an increase in nutrient levels, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. These blooms can harm aquatic ecosystems by depleting oxygen levels, blocking sunlight, and releasing toxins. They often occur in lakes, rivers, and coastal areas, and can have negative impacts on water quality, marine life, and human health. Researchers study algal blooms to understand their causes, effects, and potential mitigation strategies, such as reducing nutrient inputs or implementing algae control techniques.